STATE SUPERPOSITION AND DECOHERENCE
Some quantum systems, such as atoms, photons, or spins, can be in two simultaneous different states. We call these “Schrödinger’s cats”.
To measure this state superposition, we can, for example, measure the effect of a wave on a quantum object. At a specific wave frequency, the material progressively shifts from one state to another, and that is detected by Rabi oscillations. The superposition is a purely quantum property, but it is a flimsy one : as soon as the superposed quantum object interacts with its environment, whether it is atoms, light or heat, the superposition will stop after a short while, and this phase is called decoherence. The more important the interaction, the shorter the phase. The Rabi oscillations then fades away.